Today in class we went over a ditto!
Today is my Mommy's birthday happy birthday mom (:
My Birthday ... 12 days (:

Today I stayed home sick but I found out that I made Varsity Cheerleading ! (:

Rome's empire declined and fell.

• In A.D. 476 a barbarian king took over the rule of Rome.
• First, there was a long time of turmoil known b y historians as the "crisis of the third century." During these years, the empire was beset by economic, military, and political problems. Second, there was a time of revival, during which the empire was divided into two parts, an eastern half and a western half. Third, the western half of the empire fell to invaders.

Crises weakened the empire.

• Trade was disrupted by barbarian raids and by bands of pirates on Mediterranean sea lanes.
• Trade was disrupted by barbarian raids and by bands of pirates on Mediterranean sea lanes. Rome's gold and silver were drained away to buy luxuries from China, India, and Arabia, including spices, perfumes, rubies, pearls, and silk. Rome's small industries produced only wine, cheese, and glass.
• Desperate to pay its mounting expenses, the Roman government started minting coins that contained less and less silver.
• An increase in prices is called inflation.

Military decay

• Throughout the third century, tribes of northern barbarians called Goths repeatedly overran the legions guarding the Danube frontier.
• Roman soldiers now fought strictly for money, not for patriotism.
• The loyalty of barbarian troops to the empire could hardly be trusted.

Political Decay

• Rome continued to require each tax district to send in a certain amount. If the local tax collector could not gather up that much, he had to pay the difference himself. 

Today in class we went over our Rome test. We spent the last 10 minutes of class talking. Good day good day

Define

Inflation- is an increase in prices.

Identify

(b) Diocletian- strong military leader, one of Rome's greatest emperor, increased Rome's strength, son of a slave.

(c)Constantine- one of the greatest emperors of Rome, controlled the eastern and western, and ended the persecutions of Christians.

(d) eastern empire- much more wealthy, the location of Byzantium, known as the Byzantium empire, much more prosperous half.

(e)western empire- Latin speaking, more rural.

(h) Constantinople-  the city of Constantine

(j) Huns- nomadic people from Asia.

(m)Attila- leader of the Huns, after the empire to conquer it but he failed.

(n) Leo I- the first real pope of Rome

Answers

1. What economic problems did the empire face in the third century?

They had poor harvests, disruption of trade, no more plunder from wars, gold and silver drain inflation, and crushing tax burdens.

2. By the third century how had Rome's army changed since the days of the republic?

They only fought in the military to get money, not for patriotism.

3. What important religious change did Constantine bring about in the empire?

 (A) He announced an end to the persecution of Christians. Christianity became a religion approved by the emperor. In 395, the emperor Theodosius made Christianity the empire's official religion.

(B) Constantine won control of the eastern as well as the western empire. In A.D. 330 he took a momentous step by moving the capital of Rome to the Greek city of Byzantium in what is now Turkey.

4. Why did Germanic tribes invade the empire in the 400's? Why was the empire unable to drive them out?

(A) They were trying to avoid the Huns who kept moving westward, and so did tribes so they could stay away from the Huns.

(B) They're army was very weak now and so disorganized that they could not muster even a medium-sized army to stop the barbarians.

Critical Thinking

5. List three reasons why Diocletian should be considered a successful emperor. List three reasons why he might be considered a failure.

(A) He made the empire much more stronger, divided the empire, and he was ranked one of greatest emperors.

(B) Not all reforms were successful, failure of price controls, and wages for new troops added to the taxes which were already high.

5/24/11

Today in class different classmates went over our essays. Elena went over mine. I changed the title, I put two spaces after a period, and I double spaced my report. I think that I did very well on my essay. I revised everything; spelling, format, etc. It should be interesting to see everyone else's essay.

today in class we had a sub. she seemed nice. we worked on our essay

today in class we took a test and than we went over our 500 word paper that is due this up coming Tuesday

May 18th

THE ROMAN EMPIRE…AND TO THE REPUBLIC EMPIRE, FOR WHICH IT STANDS…

Octavian – AKA Caesar Augustus

Augustus - the first emperor – getting it done

Begins the Pax Romana – a period of peace and prosperity

Built roads, aqueducts (brought water to the cities)

Set up civil service to take care of roads, the grain supply, even a postal service

Augustus dies at age 76 in A.D. 14, and passes power to…

From Jesus to Christianity

Jesus was a Roman citizen and a practicing Jew

At 30, he began his ministry (A.D. 31 – 33), preaching to the poor (and there were lots of ‘em) in the empire, and reaching out to outsiders

Statements like “My kingdom is not of this world” made the Romans (and the Jews) nervous, and they began to plan his execution

The governor of the Roman province of Judaea, Pontius Pilate (prompted by Jewish high priests), sentences Jesus to death by crucifixion

A Wiki look at Jesus

Jesus the historical figure is explored in his Wikipedia entry

The first four paragraphs are particularly interesting

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus

The word spreads about the risen Jesus

Paul is instrumental in telling the world about Jesus’ life, death, resurrection, and message

He travels far and wide: Cyprus, Anatolia, Athens, Corinth, Macedonia, Rome, Jerusalem, and maybe even Spain and Britain

He writes letters to many of those he spoke to – these epistles are a part of the New Testament

If not for the efforts of Paul, it is likely that Jesus remains an obscure preacher, instead of the central figure of the world’s largest religion

The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History

Muhammad

Sir Isaac Newton

Jesus

Buddha

Confucius

St. Paul of Tarsus

Tiberius

As Augustus’ stepson and adopted son, Tiberius succeeded Octavian

Although a great general, he was a dark, somber, reclusive, and reluctant emperor

He referred to the Senate as “men fit to be slaves”

Germanicus started out as Tiberius’ ally, since he quelled a legion mutiny, but when it looked like he would succeed Tiberius, he got paranoid and had Germanicus killed

Died in AD 37 at the age of 77, giving way to...

Caligula – good start…

In addition to being Germanicus’ son, he was Tiberius’ adopted grandson and great-nephew – putting him next in line for emperor

He started off well: granting bonuses to those in the military, declaring treason trials a thing of the past, and made government spending a matter of public record

All in all, the first seven months of Caligula’s reign were “completely blissful” (according to the historian Philo)… then…

…bad finish for Caligula

He began to fight with the Senate

He claimed to be a god, and had statues displayed in many places – including the Jewish temple in Jerusalem (sacrilege!)

Other examples of cruelty and insanity: he slept with other men’s wives and bragged about it, indulged in too much spending and sex, and even tried to make his horse a consul and a priest (at least that’s what his critics said)

Assassinated by his own aides, AD 41 (aged 28)

Next in line: Claudius

Ostracized by his family because of his disabilities (limp, slight deafness, possible speech impediment – thought to be cerebral palsy or polio), he was the last adult male in his family when Caligula was killed

He rose to the occasion: he conquered Britain; he built roads, canals, and aqueducts; he renovated the Circus Maximus

Had an awful marriage to Messalina, who was quite often unfaithful to him, even plotting to seize power for her lover Silius through a coup – so Claudius had them killed

Meanwhile – religious troubles

Christianity and Judaism: monotheistic

Romans had many gods, plus at times the emperor was viewed as a god

AD 66: a group of Jews called the Zealots tried to rebel, but Roman troops put them down and burned their temple (except for one wall)

The Western Wall today is the holiest of all Jewish shrines

Half a million Jews died in the rebellion

Persecution of Christians

Romans were harsh toward those who would not worship the emperor

Especially Christians, who were viewed as followers of a new, upstart religion (cult)

Often used for “entertainment” purposes in the Colosseum (thrown to the lions, etc.)

Despite the oppression, Christianity grew quickly – by AD 200, around 10 percent of the people in the Roman empire were Christians

Octavion - AKA Caesar Augustus
Who is the little baby Octavion is holding in his statue

Augustus - the first emperor - getting it done
- Begins the Pax Romana - a period of peace and prosperity, he built lots of roads, good for transportation, good for training, good for security.
- Set up civil service to take care of roads, the grain supply, even a postal service.
- Augustus dies at age 76 in A.D. 14, and pases power to ... Tiberius.
- He was emperor when Jesus was born, but not when Jesus died.

From Jesus to Christianity

- Jesus was a Roman Citizen and practing Jew
- At 30, he began his ministry (A.D) 31-33), preaching to the poor and there were lots of them in the empire, and reaching out to outsiders.
- All we have on him is what was written in the Gospel.
- Statements like "My Kingdom is not of this world" made the Romans (and the Jews)nervous, and they began to plan his execution.
- The gov. of the Roman providence of Judea, Pontius Pilate (prompted by Jewish high priests), sentences Jesus to death by crucifixion.
- He was non-violent, non-confrontational
- People interpreted him as someone trying to change the Empire.
- They  charged him with sedition. (Crazy talk against the Empire)
- Romans were the only ones to have the power to crucify them.

A wiki look at Jesus

- Type in Jesus on wiki

The word spreads about the risen Jesus

- Paul is instrumental in telling the world about Jesus' life, death, resurrection, and message
- He travels far and wide: Cyprus, Anatolia, Athens, Corinth, Macedonia, Rome, Jerusalem, and maybe even Spain and Britain
- He writes letters to many of those he spoke to - these epistles are a part of the New Testament
- If not for the efforts of Paul, it is likely that Jesus remains an obscure preacher, instead of the central figure of the world's largest religion.

Back to Tiberius

- As Augustus' stepson and adopted son, Tiberius succeeded Octavion
- Although  great general, he was a dark, somber, reclusive, and reluctant emperor.
- He referred to the Senate as "men fit to be slaves"
- Germanicus started out as Tiberius' ally, since he quelled a legion mutiny, but when it looked like he would succeed Tiberius, he got paranoid and had Germanicus killed.
- Died in AD 37 at the age of 77, giving way to... Cligula

Caligula
- Good start!
- Bad finish!

Claudius

Jesus was baptized in the Jordan River. He walked between villages taking his messages to Judaea.

People threatened to throw Jesus over the edge of a cliff.

Jesus had an outburst.

Jesus was arrested. The Roman Government, Pontius Pilot, it was obvious that the punishment the so called crime was crucifixion.

The decision to execute Jesus, would one day launch a wide spread Religion.

Pontius Pilot was ordered home in disgrace after crucifying Jesus.

Dinner was an affair; upperclassman sat on couches and was served by slaves.

Caligula would now become the Emperor of Rome.

Caligula lived up to expectations at first, but two years into his rule, he led an army north to Brittan. Than he ordered the people to collect sea shells while they were on a military expedition to invade Brittan.

Caligula had been ill the previous year. He might have suffered from bipolar behavior. People today don’t know if it was a disease that ran in the family or an illness.

They offered up a sacrifice to the gods. Caligula smashes the mallet on the head of the high priest instead of on the head of the animal.

Caligula would openly seduce his army’s wives at dinner parties and discussed their sexual performances at dessert.

A hereditary system was used.

Caligula brought Rome elite to its knees.

When Augustus gave out money and food the Jews received just as much as everyone else, but when Caligula did this and came into power the gifts were far from even.

Caligula was past caring.

When they entered Caligula’s presence they knew they were doomed. So they got on their knees and praised Caligula.

Ms. Alena had a lover that was a nobleman.

Guards were rushed to the lover of Ms. Alena’s lover and ordered to kill her and her mother.

When the officers arrived she was laying on the ground with her mother.

The doors gave way to the attack and the fatal blow blew. She was dead.

The movie continued on May 12th, 2011
The emperor sought council outside of their ranks.
Tiberius is now the leader of the Roman Empire.
Caligula "Bootsy" has his two older brothers in prison.
The time turned into a time of corruption and greed. People started to perform slavish acts.
Tiberius could not stop the purge.
In the year 26, Tiberius has turned his back on Rome and went to the island of Capri. He sought re leaf in astronomy. He created sex tribes. He decorated the rooms with Egyptian pornography.
In this system with Tiberius being able to do anything he wants, he can engage in this sick behavior and it is completely wrong with the Emperor being in charge and untouchable.
Some people think that Tiberius behavior was a result from led poisoning.
Caligula was his only surviving error.
Than the movie goes on and talks about Mary, Joseph, and Jesus. It does this because Augustus died and Tiberius started to rule right around Jesus' time in the First century.

Movie Notes:
- pax romana - a long period of peace while Augustus was in charge.
- First century, right around where Christ was born
- Augustus had died after providing over forty years of peace
- The peace ended after he died
- years to come would be years of triumph
- the empire was now conquered land
- the Mediterranean (controlled by Rome) was probably the most important thing in the world; it was controlled by the Roman Empire in the first century
- Spain, Greece, Judaia, Syria, Africa were all controlled by the Roman Empire
The languages from these became to be known as "Romance" languages
- Augustus was declared a god by the Senate
- Tiberius his adopted son was given power.
- Augustus died 74 years of an illness, he was in charge since he was 18
- Tiberius in some ways was not that good to take charge
- He took over and problems started with one guy taking contol of everything
- Tiberius got divorced, but he still loved the girl.
Tiberius was Augustus' doctor son and he married Octavions real daughter, even know Tiberus didn't want to
- Granicus (younger) is going to come and try to take control of the situation
- caligela - "bootsy"

May 10th

Today in class we went over our Greek test and we went over our Rome test. I wasn't to happy with the outcome. I am really going to study the correct answers to the test so that I will of well on the Final. It brought my grade down a whole letter grade which I am not very proud of.

The first three groups that came into Rome:
- Latins
- Etruscans
- Greeks

- Rome was located by the Tibris River
- Tarcan the Proud was the last king, too much power, too much control, too little regard of people's lives. They ran him out of town and than decided that they would not have one person in charge again.

Emily and Elena's power point - Governments rolled into one

Consul: was the highest elected office of the Roman Republic under the Empire

Republic -
Democracy -
Aristocracy -
- The senate was like the aristocracy
- Monarchy - gov. in which all political power is passed down to an individual known as a monarch
- Not a tyranny
- Tyranny is unrestrained ex. of power; abuse of power
- arbitrary or unrestrained ex. of power, despotic abuse of authority
- A roman legion normally indicates the basic ancient Roman army unit recruited specifically from Roman citizens.
- They were not in it for pay at first, but later they just worked for the most pay.
- The Punic War were a series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 to 146 BC.
Carthage is in Africa.
- Hannibal Barca, son of Hamilcar Barca was a Carthaginian military commander and tactician who is popularly credited as one of the most talented commanders in history.
- The Alps is one of the greatest mountain ranges.

Rachel and Emily W.
3rd Paragraph
- soon after the end of the third Punic War, Carthage and Rome became very big in size.
- Therefor because Rome conquest and growth it became an Empire.
Latifudina - These were cheaper to run and forced farmers to sell their land and move to Rome.
- With these, the rich kept getting richer and the poor kept getting poorer. Of course the rich were powerful, happy, and greedy, but this created a corruption. The poor on the other hand were angry and caused riots.
- Our of these riots the Gracchus brothers.
- they led movements for public good and redistribution of land.
- they also wanted the gov. to supply food to the poor and create a sort of "welfare"
- They were soon seen as a threat to the wealthy and were killed along with their followers. This triggered a one hundred- year war.

Rita and Colleen - Fourth Paragraph
- The Rubicon is a stream of northeastern Italy marked the ancient boundary between Italy and Cisalpine.
- Julius Caesar - Started to rise in 60 BC
- In 58 BC he started the conquest of Gaul
- He wanted to get rich.
After his campaign he started in Gaul with his Army until he would be chosen as the new consul
Political opponents wanted him to get back to Roma and be prosecuted for the things he had done when was a consul.
He had made a decision that resulted in the fall of the Roman republic. He lead his armies across the river of Rubicon and said the well-known, "Aiacta est" He started towards Rome in January of 49 BC.
The first Triumvirate was the political alliance of Gauss Julius Caesar, Marcus Licinius Crassus, and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus.
The divided up the Roman provinces.
Crassus the financier, would receive Syria. Pompey, the general, Spain; Caesar, who would soon show himself to be a skilled politician as well as a military leader, Cisalpine and Transalpine Gaul and Illyricum.

Crassus -
Magnus -
Caesar -

Mark and Jason - Fifth one

Julius's Death Overview
- he was said to be stabbed 23 times when he was killed.
- He was killed in the theater of Pompey.
- He was said to be killed on March 15th.
- The assassination day was March 15th, 44 BC
- 60 or more men were said to participate in the assassination
- The leader of the conspiracy group was led by Cassius.
- "Et tu brute" were said said to be the last words Caesar said, but this was never proven.
- He was first stabbed by a guy names Cascas.
- Cascas grabbed him by the toga and when Caesar said, "Why this violence?", than Cascas stabbed him just below the neck.
- After Cascas stabbed him, he took Cascas arm and pushed hum away.
- He tried to get up than he felt another wound and then realized that he was stabbed 23 times. He then fell to the floor.

Amir and Cole - Paragraph 6

Rome
- Octavian was the Grand- Nephew and adopted son of Julius Ceaser. At age 18 he was a small stickly boy who ruled with Mark Antony.
They both got revenge on the people who killed Julias: over 100 senators and 2000 buisnessmen.

The Second Triumvirate

War between Octavian and Mark
Antony married Octavian's sister as a political gesture when the partnered up while he was in Egypt he met Clepatra.
He was divorced to Octavian's sister and he married Cleopatra.

today in class we had a sub she wasn't that fun, missed you Mr. Schick! We also worked on our projects with our partners. My partner was Emily we got ours pretty much finished.

The laws that were written down in Ancient Rome was called the Twelve Tables. 

The laws were posted public so everyone would see them the people know which not to break and if broken what the consequences are. 

Republic 

Monarchy - councils (There was usually two. If one didn't agree with the other it was a veto. They served for one year and than they were out and than had to wait 10 years until they could run again. 

Aristocracy - the senate (Was the group of senators.) 

Democracy - the assembly (elected their own from the ranks of the plebeians)

Who fought their way into Rome and actually destroyed part of Rome? The gulls . 

Who fought the Punic Wars? Carthage and Rome

Carthage general - Hannibal and Scipio 

Roman politic that shouted out things at every battle to get them fired up "Carthage must be destroyed" 

Mr. Schick also allowed us to retake our quiz I got a 100 (: 

10 pictures

Rome

Roman soilder

The Calvary in Rome

The Tiber River 

Ancient Roman Senate

Cleopatra

Roman Patricians 

Roman Plebeians 

Etruscans